sulfur monoxide polar or nonpolar

11 Uses of Platinum Laboratory, Commercial, and Miscellaneous, CH3Br Lewis Structure, Geometry, Hybridization, and Polarity. It is only found as a dilute gas phase. After bonding in the SO3 molecule, the three pairs of Sulfur makes a double bond with the one pair of all three atoms of Oxygen surrounding the Sulfur atom. 4 electrons of sulfur bond with the two pairs of electrons from both oxygen atoms around sulfur. In reaction with metals, both react with the oxidation state of-2. While SF6 is non-toxic when used properly, toxic byproducts can be produced during electrical discharges within SF6-filled equipment, posing a threat to the health of workers who come into contact with them. Pauling also contributed to many other fields besides chemistry. Have feedback to give about this text? Apart from the geometrical shape, a few other factors like lone pairs, the dipole moment of the molecule are also used to identify whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar. In simple terms, polar means oppositely charged, and non-polar means equally charged. Because of the linear symmetry of the molecule, the negative charges around the oxygen atoms cancel out. Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): As the electronegativity difference increases between two atoms, the bond becomes more ionic. The gas sulfur dioxide (SO2) has a polar character. The atom that has the greater ability to pull electrons towards itself will have an increased number of electrons around it, it will have a slightly more negative charge overall and the end result is a region of the bond that is positive and part of the bond that is negative, thus making the bond polar in nature. Using the electronegativity values in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\), arrange the bonds in order of increasing polarity and designate the positive and negative atoms using the symbols + and . In CO the sharing is not equal and there is a net dipole. Any charges are distributed evenly across the molecule. The difference is 2.1, which is rather high, and so sodium and chlorine form an ionic compound. His background in education and training is diverse including education in computer science, communication theory, psychology, and philosophy. Similar mechanisms also result in the formation of hydrogen sulfide in thermal ocean vents. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. It is slightly denser than air, so it has a tendency to accumulate near the bottom of poorly ventilated spaces. The SO bond length is 142.4(2)pm. More electronegative atom can strongly attract electron and low electronegative atom can weakly attract the electron. Gaseous SO3 is the primary precursor to acid rain. SiCl4 (silicon tetrachloride) is a nonpolar molecule. You can read out the article for the reason of the non-polarity of CO2. This causes a dipole moment. When concentrated or condensed, it converts to S 2 O 2 ( disulfur dioxide ). All Rights Reserved. [23] Disulfur dioxide is a planar molecule with C2v symmetry. A Twist In Wavefunction With Ultrafast Vortex Electron Beams, Chemical And Biological Characterization Spot The Faith Of Nanoparticles. In those molecules, there are dipoles but they cancel out due to the symmetry. NO v. sulfur hexafluoride nitric oxide SF 6 w. N 2 O 5 . The angle between the three bonds formed is 120 degrees. And also, it is important to keep in mind that two different atoms do not equally share the electron of each other. So even though H-S bonds are technically a little bit polar, most of the time it is safe to treat them as if they are non-polar. Sulfur dioxide is naturally released by volcanic activity, and it is also present in the atmosphere due to the combustion of fossil fuels. In the SO2 molecule, the Sulfur has 6 electrons in its vacant shell and Oxygen also has 6 electrons in its vacant shell. Does The Arrow Of Time Apply To Quantum Systems? Volcanic activity releases this gas naturally.When dissolved in water, it produces a weak acid solution.Sulfur dioxide is a key precursor of sulfuric acid and is found at modest levels in the environment. Last, but not least, you learn what a dipole moment is. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The SO2 molecular geometry is bent, with a bond angle of 120. It is because of the electronegativity difference. If the difference is greater than 2, then the bond is completely polar, and is more properly referred to as an ionic bond. Begin drawing the Lewis dot structure of the molecule. The electrons within molecules are constantly being pulled around. When we have a non-metal and. polar nonpolar polar. Since carbon C and oxygen O have different electronegativities, electrons aren't shared equally between them. Chlorine contains two chlorine atoms. His research on sickle cell anemia revealed the cause of the diseasethe presence of a genetically inherited abnormal protein in the bloodand paved the way for the field of molecular genetics. A dipole moment occurs when one end of the bond is positive, and the other end is negative. If the difference is less than 0.5, it is considered functionally non-polar. It's essential for predicting molecular geometry, molecule polarity, and reactivity in a compound. Non-polar bonds are also a type of covalent bond. Draw the dipole arrow on the bond below SiO 2. . Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) is an odorless, colorless gas. (While noble gas compounds such as XeO2 do exist, they can only be formed under extreme conditions, and thus they do not fit neatly into the general model of electronegativity.). Under the presence of heat and pressure, metal sulfide compounds will undergo hydrolysis with water to form a metal oxide and hydrogen sulfide gas. However, when there are two atoms of the same type that make up a bond, the electrons within the bond will shift position because the amount of pull that each atom has is equivalent and the electrons that each atom possesses will stay where they are. The oxygen side of the molecule has a slight negative charge, while the side with the hydrogen atoms has a slight positive charge. At the end of this reaction, the sulfate ions are reduced into hydrogen sulfide which is released into the environment. A bond between two or more atoms is polar if the atoms have significantly different electronegativities (>0.4). Hydrogen sulfide is slightly soluble in water, and will disassociate into a lone proton (H+) and a hydrosulfide ion (HS). Just like with the carbon dioxide example, you not only have to take the types of atoms in a molecule of sulfur dioxide into account, you also have to take the structure of the molecule into account. Ionic bonds, like those in table salt (NaCl), are due to electrostatic attractive forces between their positive (Na+) and negative charged (Cl-) ions. In contrast, water is polar because the OH bond moments do not cancel out. The greater the difference in electronegativity more will be the polarity of the molecule. Hydrogen has an EN of 2.1 and oxygen has an EN value of 3.5. the difference between these two values is 1.4, so H-O bonds are considered polar, with a partial negative charge on the oxygen. Similarly here Sulfur being the lowest electronegative atom in SO3, becomes the center atom. And after bonding in the SO2 molecule, the unequal charge remains on Sulfur and Oxygen. A classic example of a polar bond is the bond in water between hydrogen and oxygen. Furthermore, it's diprotic in nature which holds the capacity of releasing two . S2O2 has a dipole moment of 3.17D.[23], Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, " . For better understanding, also check out an article written on SO3 Lewis Structure and its Molecular Geometry. The difference is zero, so the bond is nonpolar. Also the only. If one of the atom is electronegative, it has more tendency to attract the electrons. Many of us have a doubt regarding the polarity of SO2 (sulfur dioxide). And in the case of NaCl, the Chlorine atom has a higher electronegativity than Sodium, due to which the Chlorine atom pulls the electron shared pair towards itself. Sulfur monoxide is an inorganic compound with formula S O. Because chlorine is more electronegative than hydrogen, hydrochloric acid HCl forms a polar bond, and is therefore a polar molecule. (Wikipedia) Example molecules non polar Toluene Gasoline Helium (He) Neon (Ne) Polar molecules can have ionic or polar covalent bonds. For more detailed information regarding geometry, hybridization, and lewis structure of SO2, you should also refer to the article on the lewis structure of SO2. Don't see the answer that you're looking for? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Welcome to Techiescientist.com. With 2.1 for hydrogen and 3.5 for oxygen, the electronegativity difference is 1.4. The earth;s crust contains large quantities of sulfur and sulfur-containing minerals. SO 3 p. disulfur dichloride sulfur trioxide S 2 Cl 2 q. For this reason, its spectroscopic signature is very well understood. Being a nonpolar molecule, the molecule shares equal charge distribution. Essentially, polarity in chemistry is a measure of how evenly distributed electrons in a molecule are. In high concentrations, inhalation of hydrogen sulfide can be immediately fatal or cause serious brain damage. I must confess I am jealous of the term atom; for though it is very easy to talk of atoms, it is very difficult to form a clear idea of their nature. Michael Faraday. The molar mass of S is 32.066 g/mol.O2 molar mass = 16.00 x 2 = 32.00 g/mol.Molar mass of SO2 = 64.066g/mol, Sulfur or iron pyrites are burnt over the air to produce SO2.S + O2 (gas) > SO2 (gas)4FeS2 + 11O2 > 2Fe2O3 (solid) + 8SO2 (gas). Photo: doctor-a via Pixabay, CC0. And if the electronegativity difference is lesser than 0.5, the bond is non-polar covalent. Nonpolar molecules are generally symmetrical, like the tetrahedral molecule carbon tetrachloride. . As per the studies already done, the bond formed between two atoms is polar covalent if the electronegativity difference lies between 0.5 and 1.6. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a non-toxic gas that is used in a variety of applications due to its inert properties. Your email address will not be published. Found a typo and want extra credit? As a result, oxygen exerts a stronger pull on sulfur dioxides covalent bonds. Although hydrogen sulfide is extremely toxic to humans in large quantities, small amounts of hydrogen sulfide play a crucial role in human biology. In sulfur oxide Other oxides of sulfur include the monoxide (SO), sesquioxide (S 2 O 3 ), heptoxide (S 2 O 7 ), and tetroxide (SO 4 ). The SO2 molecule forms the shape of the trigonal planar. Sodium's electronegativity is 0.9, while chlorine's is 3.0. And the overall geometrical shape of the molecule. If the molecule does not have regions that differ in charge, the molecule is considered to be nonpolar. My aim is to uncover unknown scientific facts and sharing my findings with everyone who has an interest in Science. It determines how the shared electrons are distributed between the two atoms in a bond. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The bonds between hydrogen and oxygen are distributed so that the hydrogen atoms are both on one side of the oxygen atom rather than evenly spaced. It has a region of partial charge. In unit two, we compared atoms to puppies and electrons to bones in our analogy of how bonding works. This unequal distribution of charges among both nitrogen and hydrogen atoms makes NH3 a polar molecule. Be Careful When Speaking About Lead Pollution: The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly! Polar bonds do not share electrons equally, meaning the negative charge from the electrons is not evenly distributed in the molecule. Nothing exists except atoms and empty space; everything else is opinion. Democritus. Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): The electronegativity values derived by Pauling follow predictable periodic trends with the higher electronegativities toward the upper right of the periodic table. Done on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo). A trigonal planar molecule (BF 3) may be nonpolar if all three peripheral atoms are the same, but a trigonal pyramidal molecule (NH 3) is polar because of the pair of electrons in the nitrogen atoms. Either way, there will be one part of the bond that has a slightly more positive charge and one part of the bond that has a slightly negative charge. Pauling derived the first electronegativity values by comparing the amounts of energy required to break different types of bonds. A polar bond is a type of covalent bond. Since hydrogen sulfide is naturally produced in the human body, the body does have mechanisms for removing hydrogen sulfide, though these mechanisms can be outpaced by a large enough dose. Other oxides of sulfur include the monoxide (SO), sesquioxide (S2O3), heptoxide (S2O7), and tetroxide (SO4). Video \(\PageIndex{1}\): A preview of electronegativity's role in molecular polarity. However, to determine if CO is polar we must consider the molecular geometry. Repeat, but assume that the three fluorine atoms and the sulfur atom surround the nitrogen atom. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is polar in nature. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a polar molecule. SF 5 Cl - Sulfur Monochloride Pentafluoride. The electrons are shared equally because the electronegativity difference between the two atoms is zero. Similarly, the atomic number of sulfur is 16 and there are 6 electrons in the vacant shell of Sulfur as well. The atom with the lowest electronegativity always comes in the center and that atom whose electronegativity is least among all tends to make the highest number of bonds in that molecule. Legal. The uneven displacement of electric charges in the molecule gives the more electronegative element a partial negative charge and the less electronegative element a partial positive charge. Sulfur dioxide is a poisonous gas that is hazardous to human health.It can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs skin and mucous membranes.Its excessive amounts might irritate and induce inflammation in the respiratory system.Sulfur dioxide emissions in the air can lead to the creation of other sulfur oxides (SOx).SOxcan react with other compounds in the atmosphere to form small particles.These small particles may penetrate deeply into the lungs, and their sufficient quantity can contribute to health problems. whereas the portion that has the sulfur atom has a slightly positive charge. There are two double bonds between the sulfur and oxygen atoms in the sulfur dioxide molecular geometry. Example \(\PageIndex{1}\): Electronegativity and Bond Polarity. The lone pair present on Sulfur and lone present on Oxygen atoms cause repulsion between each other. When you measure the amount of polarity of a molecule, the result is called the dipole moment. Some compounds contain both covalent and ionic bonds. The position of the atoms in the SO2 is such that the Sulfur atom is present in the center/between both of the Oxygen atoms. Both O and S have the same outer electric configuration of ns2 and np4. More of the electrons are attracted to the oxygen atoms, resulting in a net charge. Burning fossil fuels is the largest source of SO2 in the atmosphere. A molecule with two poles is called a dipole. And the SO2 which has a bent shape is polar as it has some net dipole moment. Hybridization: sp 3 d. Second determine the 3D molecular geometry with VSEPR rules: Click and drag the molecle to rotate it. Lucky Block New Cryptocurrency with $750m+ Market Cap Lists on LBank. Oxygen is more electronegative than Sulfur, as a result, the Oxygen-Sulfur bond shares unequal charge distribution, and the bond formed in it is polar. The three bonds across the Sulfur and Oxygen atoms build the trigonal planar geometrical shape. The number of, The electron geometry ofSO2is formed in the shape of a. No, CO2 is not polar, even though the bonds are polar. As a result of this, SO2 is polar. Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/85abf193-2bda7ac8df6@9.110). When two atoms form a covalent bond, they do so by sharing valence electrons. The result is that the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative element. Sulfur dioxide SO 2, ammonia NH 3, carbon monoxide CO, ethanol C 2 H 5 OH, methanol CH 3 OH, hydrogen sulfide H 2 S, chloromethane CH 3 Cl, ozone O3, phosphorus trichloride (because it has trigonal pyramidal geometry) PCl 3 Nonpolar Molecules In a nonpolar molecule, there are no positive or negative poles formed in the molecule. Your email address will not be published. The polarity of a molecule is decided based on the unequal charge distribution of the atoms involved in the molecule. I am Savitri,a science enthusiast with a passion to answer all the questions of the universe. Drawing the Lewis structure means drawing a representation of the molecule via a diagram that indicates the molecules number of valence electrons and bonds. However the dipole moment of the S-O bond is something, But the net dipole moment is 0 Debye. In nonpolar molecules, the atoms involved in the molecule share an equal distribution of charge whereas, in polar molecules, the atoms do not share equal distribution of charge. Is Si and O polar or nonpolar? In other words, sulfidogenic organisms breathe sulfur and exhale hydrogen sulfide. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Nonpolar molecules A molecule may be nonpolar either when there is an equal sharing of electrons between the two atoms of a diatomic molecule or because of the symmetrical arrangement of polar bonds in a more complex molecule. its level of toxicity is comparable to that of carbon monoxide (CO). Therefore, CO is a polar molecule.Get more chemistry help at http://www.breslyn.org .More Learning Resources Polar and Non-Polar Tutorial: https://youtu.be/OHFGXfWB_r4 Drawing Lewis Structures: https://youtu.be/YZpZQ5l_uqU Determining Molecular Geometry: https://youtu.be/Moj85zwdULg Periodic Table with Electronegativity Values: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativities_of_the_elements_(data_page) Molecular Geometry App Used in Video: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/molecule-shapes/latest/molecule-shapes_en.htmlGet more chemistry held at www.Breslyn.org .Drawing/writing done in InkScape (www.InkScape.org). As an example of a nonpolar molecule consider ethane which is a chemical formula of C2H6. H2S is a slightly polar molecule because of its bent shaped geometrical structure and the small difference between the electronegativity of Hydrogen (2.2) and Sulfur (2.58) that results in a non zero dipole moment. The Oxygen gas molecule O2 is an example of a nonpolar molecule. You can also envision this as electrons that are part of a polar bond converging on one end of the bond or another and. Table of Contents The polarity of the SO2 molecule It reacts with metal ions to form metal sulfides, most commonly with lead (Pb) to form lead(II) sulfide (PbS). Carbon monoxide is produced in ou environment through various means like the . Then we will use VSEPR to determine the shape of the molecule and look at how the shape of the molecule allows us to determine if the entire molecule is polar or nonpolar. It is also the product of processes in volcanoes and natural gas formations. Thus the molecule maintains its balance as a nonpolar molecule. SO3 Lewis Structure and its Molecular Geometry, 11 Uses of Platinum Laboratory, Commercial, and Miscellaneous, CH3Br Lewis Structure, Geometry, Hybridization, and Polarity. It is a dimensionless quantity that is calculated, not measured. Covalent bonds can be polar or non-polar. Hydrogen sulfide in the body often acts a signaling molecule that regulates the amount of ATP production during cellular respiration. In BF3 . Symmetrical structures in molecules help the molecule keep a uniform distribution of electronegativity, though it doesnt necessarily guarantee that a molecule will be nonpolar. All Rights Reserved. In BF3, the central boron atom has sp2 hybridized orbitals, resulting in an unfilled p orbital on the Bron atom and trigonal planar molecular geometry. Whether a bond is nonpolar or polar covalent is determined by a property of the bonding atoms called electronegativity. The asymmetrical, bent, or V-shaped geometrical structure of SO2 maintains the polarity of the molecule intact. 2022 Science Trends LLC. This table is just a general guide, however, with many exceptions. Its a colorless, poisonous, inorganic gas with a noxious odor similar to nitric acid. The degree to which electrons are shared between atoms varies from completely equal (pure covalent bonding) to not at all (ionic bonding). The best way to view properties & trends of the elements, including electronegativity, is with our new super-cool interactive periodic table. In general, electronegativity increases from left to right across a period in the periodic table and decreases down a group. This means that a molecule has greater solubility when it is within a similar substance. This makes SO2 a polar molecule.In addition, the unbonded electrons on the sulfur and oxygen create repulsion between atoms.This is another cause of the polarity of the sulfur dioxide molecule. Hydrogen has an EN value of 2.1 and sulfur has an EN value of 2.5. the difference between these two values is less than 0.5, so H-S bonds are classified as non-polar. Much like the earth, molecules can have polar regions, but these polar regions are positive and negative in nature. However sulfur is less electronegative than oxygen. That's the short answer regarding carbon dioxide's non-polarity. One of the reasons that ethane is a nonpolar molecule is that the molecule has a symmetrical structure. The bond formation of Sulfur trioxide depicts the symmetry of it which makes it nonpolar. The dipole moment is a result of the uneven distribution of negative and positive charges. SO3 is a strong oxidizing agent because Sulfur has a +6 oxidation state which is the highest as compared to other atoms in the molecule. Electronegativity, on the other hand, describes how tightly an atom attracts electrons in a bond. The CO2, O2 is an example of non-polar molecules. CO (Carbon monoxide) is a polar molecule because of the electronegativity difference between C(2.55) and O . The sulfur cycle is the process by which sulfur is cycled through the environment, into living organisms, and back into the environment. Metals tend to be less electronegative elements, and the group 1 metals have the lowest electronegativities. In each bond, nitrogen is more electronegative than hydrogen. The sulfur dioxide molecule has two double bonds between the sulfur atom and oxygen atoms. Is CO Polar or Nonpolar (Carbon monoxide) Wayne Breslyn 628K subscribers Subscribe 166 Share 19K views 2 years ago Learn to determine if CO (Carbon monoxide) is polar or non-polar based on. But the three bonds are at 120 degrees with each other and the overall polarity of SO3 gets canceled out. ISSN: 2639-1538 (online). Covalent bonds form when electrons are shared between atoms and are attracted by the nuclei of both atoms. However, the lone pair present on the Sulfur atom causes repulsion with the lone pair present on the Oxygen atoms resulting in the V-shape/bent-shaped SO2 molecule. We all should understand that when two atoms form a bond, they basically share electrons from each other. He aims to create content that educates, persuades, entertains and inspires. The SO2+ moiety can essentially move barrierless over the benzene ring. Carbon monoxide has an electronegativity difference between the oxygen and carbon molecules great enough that the molecule has a difference in charges and is polar. The first step is drawing the Lewis structure of the molecule, while the second step is determining the molecules geometry, and the final step is determining the bond polarities of the molecule and summing the bond polarities together. The unsymmetrical shape also identifies whether a molecule is polar or not. Sulfur dioxide has a pungent smell, often likened to the smell of a match that has just been lit. Textbook content produced by OpenStax College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 license. SCl 4 l. nitrogen trifluoride sulfur tetrachloride NF 3 m. P 2 O 3 n. carbon disulfide diphosphorus trioxide CS 2 o. For example, the H and F atoms in HF have an electronegativity difference of 1.9, and the N and H atoms in NH3 a difference of 0.9, yet both of these compounds form bonds that are considered polar covalent. Techiescientist is a Science Blog for students, parents, and teachers. SO3 (sulfur trioxide) is a chemical compound. It is a nonpolar compound because their electronegativity differences are not big and therefore rendering them nonpolar. As a result, we found a trigonal planer molecule of SO3 (Sulfur trioxide). The most stable structure for CO (carbon monoxide) allows for the octet of each atom to be complete without introducing a formal charge. Similarly, in the SO2 case, the lone pair present on Sulfur and Oxygen atoms produces repulsion between them. Other properties of H2S are: It easily reacts with metal ions to result in metal sulfides. To tell if SO2 (Sulfur dioxide) is ionic or covalent (also called molecular) we look at the Periodic Table that and see that S is a non-metal and O is a non-metal. If you look at the Lewis structure for SO3 it appears to be a symmetrical molecule. For instance, a molecule of water is polar in virtue of its H-O bonds. Nonpolar molecules usually will dissolve well in nonpolar solvents, but tend to be insoluble in water. Figure 6.1.2: As the electronegativity difference increases between two atoms, the bond becomes more ionic. Thus, carbon dioxide is a non-polar gas. Applying the previous lesson on polarity, we can find out if hydrogen sulfide is a polar compound. Most alkaline elements have a similar structure to C2H6, and for this reason, it is typically said that alkaline elements are nonpolar. I am Savitri,a science enthusiast with a passion to answer all the questions of the universe. In the case of sulfur dioxide, the molecule is angled and possesses a difference in electronegativity with the pull of sulfur being less than that of oxygen. When the electronegativity difference is very large, as is the case between metals and nonmetals, the bonding is characterized as ionic. Dipole moment = Bond length * charge on each element. AsF5) to give the non-rigid -complex C6(CH3)6SO2+. Techiescientist is a Science Blog for students, parents, and teachers. I hope, I cleared your all doubts regarding the polarity of SO3 (sulfur trioxide molecule). Conversely, in aerobic organisms, molecular oxygen (O2) acts as the terminal electron acceptor during respiration, which is reduced into H2O. Its mechanisms of action are similar to that of carbon monoxide. As in the case of SO3, the dipole moment of each S-O bond cancels out. The part containing the sulfur atom, on the other hand, has a slightly positive charge. Temperature Has A Significant Influence On The Production Of SMP-Based Dissolved Organic Nitrogen (DON) During Biological Processes. Fluorine is the most electronegative element, with an electronegativity of 4. The production of hydrogen sulfide by sulfidogenic bacteria represents an important step in this cycle; the production of the sulfur that will eventually make its way into living organisms. [22], SO converts to disulfur dioxide (S2O2). (Wikipedia) Picture: Carbon dioxide Example molecules non polar Toluene In general, hydrogen sulfide is very toxic to obligate oxygen breathers. Hydrogen sulfide isnon-polar on account of its nonpolar HS bonds. Video \(\PageIndex{3}\): A review of electronegativity. Is Ammonium Ion (NH4+) Polar or Nonpolar? Both oxygen atoms are exerting the same amount of pull on the carbon atom in the middle, creating a situation where the pull of one oxygen atom is nullified by the other and the electrons within the atom dont move at all. SO2 Polar or Nonpolar Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is polar in nature. Water is one of the most famous polar molecules, and its structure is responsible for making the molecule have a polar nature.

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