ap style bulleted lists capitalization

In Not quite. The Copyeditors Handbook (Einsohn). AP Stylebook: Use periods after bullets. Numbered Lists and Bullet Lists: Why and How? Bonus: We have some great shortcuts to make your life easier. The following examples demonstrate both options as well as how to integrate in-text citations into bulleted lists. A: 2-5 p.m. is preferred. You can learn more in the Title Capitalization Rules by Style section. Use all sentences or all. - Put a space between the dash or bullet and the first word of each item in the list. Should each point start with a capital letter and end with a period? In most cases, experts recommend that you start each bulleted item with acapital letter. The following rules apply to MLA headings: AP style capitalization is mainly used by writers for the Associated Press but is also used widely throughout journalism. Q: Would "crew chief" and "team owner" be capitalized before a name? A: Use Arabic figures to indicate decades of history: the 1920s, the '80s Figures, numerals, dimensions (7-year-old boy; three years ago; 1 percent; third grade; size 9; 6-by-8-foot rug; 5 ounces; 68,000-square-foot facility). Q: Should diseases also known by acronyms such as PTSD be capitalized? A list of information can be neatly organised using bullet points. Dates, time, eras (July 4, 2008; 9 a.m.; the Great Depression ), Q: When referring to a time span, I never know when to use a dash to separate the two times (ex. Include periods after independent clauses, dependent clauses, and long phrases, and also after short phrases or words that are necessary to make the sentence grammatically complete: To register for the Annual Meeting: Go to aad.org. Only use it to avoid ambiguity, if part of the series contains a conjunction or if you have a complex series of phrases. No italics. x]0)} N "d/J]g<3gcyY?9Y\}xLgH*vVQ8e[!}mg%O*~OqoEhe9k=~o^p{?~7?ZOu6ImR)Gow=\JrP Lower is default; upper is special. The idea is that the list reads like a single sentence, with semicolons separating each point, a conjunction just before the final entry, and a period at the end. How a list is punctuated depends on the sort of information that is being presented. Asthma or some allergies. Two new and potentially controversial suggestions when writing bulleted lists are to use dashes instead of bullets and to always use periods (rather than semicolons) at the end of each section, even if it is a phrase and not a sentence. We recommend following the AP Stylebooks bullet punctuation, with additional clarifications that AP doesnt address. When multiple letters in a title need to be capitalized, use title case capitalization. These might seem like confusing rules with too many exceptions, but youre always welcome to homebrew your own style rules. Mr. Heckle and Mr. Jeckle enjoy several feline activities: Like ordered lists, unordered lists that are part of an incomplete introductory sentence are lowercased and punctuated as if each item was inside the sentence.10, People who grew up in the 1980s watched a lot of television, including, The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends prefacing unordered lists with dashes instead of bullets, although bullets are an acceptable choice for some publications.AP style also recommends punctuating complete and incomplete introductory sentences with a colon and capitalizing the first word in each list item as well as punctuating each list item with a period even if the item is an incomplete sentence.11. Youre singing my tune! document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You can also upload a document to get an instant quote. Ive never found the AP Stylebook entry that covers this, including capitalization.. Important Note: If you follow The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style), see the Style Guide Alert at the bottom of this post for clarification on AP styles recommendations for unordered lists, which differ from the general guidelines explained below. 7. You should always use a colon before a bulleted or numbered list. Stay with us.". Whether a numbered list is being used when a bullet list would be more appropriate, or vice versa, Now check your email to confirm your subscription for My Blog Editor blog alerts. This is a grammar guide that accompanies our post on how to write better bullet points. Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions. Considering those rules, these hyphenated words would all be correctly capitalized in titles: In the list above, up, in, on, off, and out are adverbs-not prepositions. Don't use a bulleted list for only one item. Required fields are marked *. However, you can omit the colon when a list follows a partial sentence. To make peace with periods in a list, think of the entire list (including the lead-in word or phrase) as several sentences (all of which need a period at the end). A: AP doesn't use italics in news stories. label all file pages (and the disk itself) with your designatedcode. Q: In denoting area, which is correct for numbers under 10 -- 5 acres or five acres? The AP Stylebook is a writing and editing reference for newsrooms, classrooms and corporate offices worldwide. People who grew up in the 1980s watched a lot of television, including: If you arent a strict follower of AP style, consider using the general guidelines explained in the sections above instead of those outlined in this alert box. Careful punctuation also reflects thought and care. Titles. Follow the same capitalization rules you would follow for normal sentences. July 31, 2019. The capitalization rules are as follows: AMA style capitalization is mainly used in the scientific community. Subscribe to the My Blog Editor blog for the latest TIPS on improving the QUALITY of your business content. Do you need a colon to introduce a list? A: Lowercase the compass point - central Louisiana -- unless it's a widely known section, as in Southern California or South Florida. Garner's Modern American Usage inserts periods at the end of bullet lists only if the bullet list begins with a capital letter. How to Write Vertical Lists (Ordered and Unordered), How to Export PDF Tables from Adobe Acrobat to Excel (PC & Mac), How to Insert Images into Shapes in Microsoft Word (PC & Mac), How to Align the Periods in Numbered Lists in Microsoft Word (PC & Mac), How to Password Protect Files in Microsoft Word, How to Password Protect PDFs in Adobe Acrobat (PC & Mac). The buttons at the bottom let you choose specific case conversion options for the various styles. Please enable JavaScript and visit again! Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section or a phrase. This is clear, but AP doesnt fully address when to omit a period at the end of each bullet. This post links directly to APA Style topics of interest that users may not even know exist on the website. Enter the email you used in your Ragan store purchase. The rules are fairly standard for title case: Making sure you have the right capitalization for APA headings is crucial for scholarly articles. A: Use "that" for a thing, "who" for the personal pronoun, although "that" also fits some human references. 6. Q: Should the names of decades be capitalized when written out? AP uses dashes, not bullets, for lists in news stories that follow a colon. Instead, texts like The Canadian Style (2nd ed., 1997) offer guidelines for styling bulleted lists, some of which strike some writers (this one, for instance) as needlessly complicated. You can also use this tool to do it automatically. Navigating the not-so-hidden treasures of the APA Style website. By far, this is the most vexing punctuation issue! The bullets indicate that I like apples, bananas, and oranges equally. When your writing is crisp, clear, and easy to understand, audiences will likely leave your site with a positive impression. How about AP? - Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. For lists of fragments, short phrases, or words, capitalization is optional: As with the other optional punctuation above, though, make sure to use a consistent capitalization style throughout your writing. If youre confused about what words to capitalize in a title or headline, we recommend using our title capitalization tool above, but if you want specific capitalization rules, they are as follows. The Gregg Reference Manual uses periods only after bullets that are dependent clauses and long phrases. As an Amazon Associate, CapitalizeMyTitle.com earns from qualifying purchases. Learn more about how to write better bullet lists. Use a numbered list if you want to display items in a numbered series. Bulleted lists. A: In a simple series, AP doesn't use a comma before the last item. How to Create Bulleted Lists in Microsoft Word, How to Create and Modify Numbered Lists in Microsoft Word, How to Create Custom Bullets in Microsoft Word, Parallel StructureThe Secret to Beautiful Bullet Points. Individual list items following a complete sentence are usually capitalized but appear without terminal punctuation (i.e., they dont end in a period, comma, colon, or semicolon) if they are incomplete sentences, phrases, or single words.3. See The MLA Style Center for more information. If a bulleted list contains phrases, each bullet should begin with a lowercase letter. If necessary, rewrite the list item so that all items begin with capital letters or all items begin with lowercase words. First, it is important to note that there are four main title capitalization styles: Chicago style, APA style, MLA style, and AP style. 8. 22 December, 2021. in English from the University of Rhode Island, an M.A. Lowercase indefinite and definite articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions. Next post: Make blog post content rich with layers, Previous post: Blog Post Format: Chunk It. The top tabs allow you to select which style of capitalization you want to use. Hello! 4.24.14 AP style rules on state abbreviations updated. Example: You will not be accepted if you have been diagnosedwith: RECOMMENDATION: If youre creating along document full of bulleted items, you may choose to be consistent and end each item with aperiod. The following rules apply to APA headline capitalization and title capitalization: Making sure you have the right capitalization for MLA headings is crucial for scholarly articles. The MLA's guidelines for styling vertical lists are derived from The Chicago Manual of Style (6.127-132). If you have questions, read our. Capitalization looks fancy and makes things seem important. If all else fails, when it comes to accepting AP style: Just do it. Use a lettered list if you want to emphasize separate parallel items within a sentence. However, Garner qualifies this: "If you begin each item with a lowercase letter, put a semicolon at the end of each item, use and after the next-to-last item, and put a period after the last item." Microsoft and Gregg would capitalize flat and sharp if they appeared in a title (unlike Rule 2). Thanks for the tips. I like bananas. If you have a list of full sentences or a list with a mix of full sentences and fragments we suggest capitalizing the first letter in each item. Your subscription includes the . In APA 7, you have two options for punctuating bulleted phrases: to include no punctuation after each list item and after the last list item or to include commas or semicolons, as appropriate, after each list item and final punctuation at the end of the list. Example: Hampton, Va. See the stylebook for specific abbreviations. Here is an example of bullet lists that need a period to complete the introductory stem sentence: Here is an example of bullets lists that do not need a period because they are fragments not connected to the introductory stem sentence: These are reasons I love traveling to Ireland: Here is an example of bullet lists that do not need a period because theyre one word or a short phrase that feels like an inventory or shopping list: This issue is straightforward. Numbered lists (as noted on p. 64 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association) can be used to denote items in a series, such as conclusions or procedural steps. Creating a free account also gives you access to historical stylebooks, writing guidelines and handbooks produced by The Associated Press, dating back to June 1900. Dont use a period after bullet lists that are not complete sentences or do not complete the opening stem sentence. Capitalization, Case Internet The word internet is all lowercase (unless, of course, it starts a sentence or comes after a bullet) . The capitalization rules are as follows: Learn how to spot the 5 most common mistakes and fix them before you publish. Inconsistent punctuation; Sometimes the grammar isn't parallel between items. endstream endobj startxref DO NOT capitalize plural words even when part of a proper name (e.g. This is usually done when each list entry finishes an introductory phrase, as shown below: Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox. Our tool lets you convert the case of your text easily into sentence case. All major words in titles (including small words, such as "Is" and "It"); for example, "Business and Economics". If you want to change your title from uppercase to title case, you can select the Title Case button above. Capitalize the first and the last word of titles and subtitles. Other terminology (business; food and beverages; legal and justice; medical; ethnic and nationality; politics; religion ). Bulleted lists may be comprised of complete sentences or phrases. A colon should be used to introduce the list, and the first letter of each point should be capitalised. Q: Why is atheist not capitalized while Catholics, Muslims, Buddhists, etc., are? Its all about readability. Use no punctuation after bullets that are not sentences and do not complete the stem. The Chicago Manual of Style has pages of rules and examples of bullet lists that agree with the Garner style recommendation to use semicolons after each item, use and after the next-to-last-item, and use a period at the end of the last item. Dont use a period at the end of a bullet if the bullet lists are one word or a short phrase that feels like an inventory or shopping list. When writing an argumentative essay, you would typically research a topic and adopt a certain How to Punctuate and Capitalize Bullet Points. %%EOF Anation could be oppressed by its leaders, Judy Vorfeld Repellent and Repulsive both speak to driving others away, but REPULSIVE Three horizontal centrifugal pumps with design temperature of 100 degrees F. Three electric motors, in accordance with Appendices. Judy Vorfeld Oppress means to persecute/tyrannize/bully. Should the first letter of the bullet list be capitalized? A: AP uses the numeral for acres, even when less than 10, as a dimension: 5 acres. . Right you are. And consistency goes a long way in creating clear, credible content. How will ChatGPT affect the communications profession? Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter! Q: Do music groups take singular verbs, as do collective nouns, or plural verbs, as with sports teams? Its visually cluttered, impeding easy scan. Ive updated. . Punctuation Lowercase to in the infinitive (though not defined in the stylebook). Some style manuals, such as the AP Stylebook and APA Publication Manual, recommend capitalizing an independent clause after a colon. This is why capitalization of items that make up a list of bullet points is sometimes a matter of style. Erin Wright, 20122023. Initial capitalization is preferred for list items that are complete sentences ( Example B) or stand-alone phrases (Examples C and D ). Q: Why is "doctorate in psychology" not capped, but "Bachelor of Arts" is? Theyre easy to read. Bullets Associated Press style is to use dashes, not bullets, for lists that follow a colon. But if you are using a style guide, you may want to check it for guidance on which style to use. Understanding what to capitalize in a title is important to make sure that your titles and headlines look correct. Our amended style is website (one word, lowercase w), along with other compounds: webcam, webcast, webmaster. In the example above, the first two list items end with a semicolon because the second list item has internal commas. A: AP uses dashes, not bullets, for lists in news stories that follow a colon. Next, read the lead-in word or phrase again followed by the second item on the list. Use sentence case capitalization Use sentence case capitalization for most content, including page titles, headings, subheadings, buttons, and text links, unless a word is a proper noun. Do not capitalize articles, prepositions (regardless of length), and coordinating conjunctions. Good business writing seeks to make information easy to understand. For a list of short items, there is no need to punctuate each point. nouns, pronouns, verbs. Bullet point structure Don't mix and match sentence structures. To illustrate the example, youd sayI voted on election day because I want my candidate to win. I voted on election day because I like to exercise my right to vote. I voted on election day because I believe every vote counts.. Q: Great Depression is capitalized and so is American Revolution. Q: Which states are never abbreviated in datelines? 205-921-5556. Q: If using "member of Congress" instead of congressman/congresswoman, should "member" be capitalized? Infants often display prosocial behaviorthat is, behavior intended to help otherswhen interacting with their parents, as demonstrated in the following examples (Hammond & Drummond, 2019): If bulleted items are words or phrases (but not complete sentences), begin each item with a lowercase letter (except words such as proper nouns). Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions of four letters or fewer. If the elements are complex, uses commas for all. For more AP style tips, watch Grammar Girls Beginning and Intermediate Guide to AP Style any time. This is another case where there are no hard rules! Use lowercase at all . Once again, complete sentences introducing unordered lists are traditionally punctuated with a colon. Unfortunately, many brands forego style guides and choose to wing . 48 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8DCDC806A06A984EB23F9AC6F5FBCE2C><8DCDC806A06A984EB23F9AC6F5FBCE2C>]/Index[28 32]/Info 27 0 R/Length 99/Prev 782230/Root 29 0 R/Size 60/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream (CMS) and the Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) are what writers typically use. %PDF-1.4 % The rule of thumb in AP style is that things should be lowercased unless a rule indicates that they're upper. You can quickly convert your text or title to all caps by selecting the UPPER button on the tool. 6. finish the project by Friday, January 23; place everything youve turned in to date, plus this assignment, on afloppy disk;and. Memorize the AP abbreviations. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Punctuating every introduction with a colon and every list item with a period regardless of other structural issues (such as complete versus incomplete introductory sentences and list-item formatting) could potentially decrease flow and readability. Online and technology (the web; the internet; URL; computers; e-commerce ). - Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. Unsubscribe at any time. Try it with these examples and see if the period makes more sense. And if so, when? One exception: email (no hyphen, which reflects majority of usage). The capitalization rules are as follows: Capitalize the first and the last word. 10. The capitalization and punctuation for each bulleted item are determined by the sentence structure. Common Style Guidelines A: Veterans benefits, lowercase and not a possessive, is usually a descriptive term. A: In this instance, use a plural verb. Abbreviations, acronyms (24/7; NATO; laser; U.S.; No. It makes it easier for your reader. Below you'll find information on numbers, time and dates, locations, phone numbers, punctuation, capitalization and titles, and the Internet. Use a rubber glove to twist the lid off. See the "legislative titles" entry for rulings. Possessive versus descriptive Q: A months confinement or a month's confinement? Don't use the Oxford comma in a simple series before the conjunction. To keep bullets simple and consistent, I take a dual approach to styling them, based on whether the items in the list are complete sentences or partial sentences. AP style provides consistent guidelines for such publications in terms of grammar, spelling, punctuation and language usage. The capitalization rules are as follows: Bluebook style capitalization is mainly used by lawyers. 28 0 obj <> endobj AP Style - use dashes, capitals and periods. Local Phone: (623) 399-6676 | Entries (RSS). The CMS is commonly used in the publishing sphere, and AP style is more press-oriented . $;$ExRp" e8CQiQYgKdIw lP"1C[;d,|xk0:[#.kvZ|{wY14\.wCzb`*,a`FK{GQfl!hie "h9e tI*2$"/'O6\a>Zb=01fD?`ZTX7w$\a +!F7X o7N| *&Rp oTF G6eKeJ22N Mb[$er6_oZkh:.jFeX^Lu}]/E.tesv!8;>pi0B@09]l}llx| V:2`zXoyQ% 'w ap style bulleted lists capitalization veterinary ophthalmologist santa barbara June 22, 2022 flood banks advantages and disadvantages montana national guard jobs ap style bulleted lists capitalization veterinary ophthalmologist santa barbara June 22, 2022 flood banks advantages and disadvantages montana national guard jobs ap style bulleted lists The Best 2023 AP Style Cheat Sheet Every Writer Needs (Free Download) Ben Sailer Content.

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