mikhail gorbachev quizlet

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the impact of the sexual revolution? South Vietnam gained increasing influence over a weak neighbor. There is nothing more precious in the world than human lives. c. He fired all of the air traffic controllers on strike. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of freedoms was known as: a. dtente. Which of the following statements correctly describes the outcome of the My Lai Massacre? [353] A new 18-member Presidential Council de facto replaced the Politburo. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. What was Gorbachev's stance on International Relations? a. The following paragraph contains errors in capitalization. Soviet foreign minister and president of Georgia. 31. Perestroika (/ p r s t r k /; Russian: ) was a political movement for reform within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s widely associated with CPSU general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "openness") policy reform. Some of you look at the market as a lifesaver for your economies. c. The invasion destabilized the nation and ushered in a murderous regime. August 1989 war ein Test fr Gorbatschows" (German 19 August 1989 was a test for Gorbachev), in: FAZ 19 August 2009. The Court was willing to abandon the idea overturning local control of schools. [171] In his first year, 14 of the 23 heads of department in the secretariat were replaced. c. had originally been proposed in 1920 by former suffragists. a. accused Reagan of presiding over an "evil empire." If the sentence contains no error, select answer choice E. The underlined portion of each sentence below contains some flaw. Like many Russians, Gorbachev sometimes thought of the Soviet Union as being largely synonymous with Russia and in various speeches described it as "Russia"; in one incident he had to correct himself after calling the USSR "Russia" while giving a speech in Kiev. $\underline{\text{Clearing the bar at seven feet, a new high jump record was set. [230] As well as discussing the Cold War proxy conflicts in Afghanistan and Nicaragua and human rights issues, the pair discussed the U.S.'s Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), to which Gorbachev was strongly opposed. Became known as Star Wars and would be able to shoot missiles down from space. c. The leaders responsible for the massacre were all sentenced to life and remain in jail to this day. d. the Ku Klux Klan had been receiving funds from the FBI to sabotage the civil rights movement. [298] Aware that Reagan would not budge on SDI, Gorbachev focused on reducing "Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces", to which Reagan was receptive. [603] He was also hospitalized in the Central Clinical Hospital on 9 October 2014. Mikhail Gorbachev, in full Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, (born March 2, 1931, Privolnoye, Stavropol kray, Russia, U.S.S.R.died August 30, 2022, Moscow, Russia), Soviet official, general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) from 1985 to 1991 and president of the Soviet Union in 199091. e. The invasion toppled Cambodia's communist government. [158] Gorbachev's first public appearance as leader was at Chernenko's Red Square funeral, held on 14 March. [152], On 10 March 1985, Chernenko died. [602] On 22 October 2013, it became known that Gorbachev was undergoing another examination in a German clinic. [318] In February, the administration of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast officially requested that it be transferred from the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic to the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic; the majority of the region's population were ethnically Armenian and wanted unification with other majority Armenian areas. 20. c. a mixture of styles and cultures. [462] After Yeltsin's decision to lift price caps generated massive inflation and plunged many Russians into poverty, Gorbachev openly criticized him, comparing the reform to Stalin's policy of forced collectivization. [538] a. [665] Gorbachev, together with Bill Clinton and Sophia Loren, were awarded the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children for their recording of Sergei Prokofiev's 1936 Peter and the Wolf for Pentatone. Gorbachev was conspicuously successful in dismantling the totalitarian aspects of the Soviet state and in moving his country along the path toward true representative democracy. c. brought a halt to the nuclear energy industry's expansion. a. promised never to lie to Americans. [56] He had wanted to remain in Moscow, where Raisa was enrolled in a PhD program, but instead gained employment in Stavropol; Raisa abandoned her studies to join him there. Updates? c. employed the fiery rhetoric and direct confrontation tactics of Bull Connor and George Wallace. [629] Lithuanian Foreign Minister Gabrielius Landsbergis said that Lithuanians would not glorify Gorbachev or forget about the 1991 January Events. In this context, Gorbachev argued that the Communist Party had to adapt and engage in creative thinking much as Lenin had creatively interpreted and adapted the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to the situation of early 20th century Russia. b. [608][609] At the beginning of 2020, Gorbachev was placed under the continuous supervision of doctors. [231] The duo's wives also met and spent time together at the summit. d. Carter's approval ratings in 1980 had fallen lower than Nixon's at the time of his resignation. [386], At the 28th Communist Party Congress in July 1990, hardliners criticized the reformists but Gorbachev was re-elected party leader with the support of three-quarters of delegates and his choice of deputy general secretary, Vladimir Ivashko, was also elected. The Three Mile Island nuclear plant: d. One person was found guilty in this killing of 350 civilians, but was released in 1974. IT is an unusual event when a Soviet leader comes to call, but Soviet strong men have visited in the past, each arriving with . e. the draft process had unfairly drafted the poor and minorities, while white, middle-class men were often exempt. Without his masterful resolution to the Iranian hostage crisis, Carter's reelection would have been doubtful. b. c. every administration had traded arms for hostages behind the back of Congress. He served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 and additionally as head of state beginning in 1988, as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990 and the only President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991. [668] Yevgeny Mironov and Chulpan Khamatova played the roles of Gorbachev and his wife Raisa respectively. [151] He felt that the visit helped to erode Andrei Gromyko's dominance of Soviet foreign policy while at the same time sending a signal to the United States government that he wanted to improve Soviet-U.S. c. faster transportation Accepting the fait accompli of the Soviet Union's dissolution, Gorbachev revealed that he would resign as soon as he saw that the CIS was a reality. [147] In June he traveled to Italy as a Soviet representative for the funeral of Italian Communist Party leader Enrico Berlinguer,[148] and in September to Sofia, Bulgaria to attend celebrations of the fortieth anniversary of its liberation from the Nazis by the Red Army. [210] Like many members of the government, Gorbachev was skeptical of Yeltsin, believing that he engaged in too much self-promotion. Ronald Reagan was widely eulogized for having won the cold war . Mikhail Gorbachev played a key role in ending the Soviet Unions post-World War II domination of eastern Europe. In December 1986, riots broke out in several Kazakh cities after a Russian was appointed head of the region. All of the following people are former British prime ministers, except: According to the Unit, one of the biggest threats to global security in the early 21st century is: A rising tide of antigovernment sentiment. d. South America. [554] Gorbachev reached an adult height of 5foot 9inches (1.75m). But, in part because his economic reforms were being obstructed by the Communist Party, Gorbachev tried to restructure the governments legislative and executive branches in order to release them from the grip of the CPSU. Please select which sections you would like to print: Alternate titles: Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev. [408] Negotiations took place to decide what form the new constitution would take, again bringing together Gorbachev and Yeltsin in discussion; it was planned to be formally signed in August. He proved a promising Komsomol member, and in 1952 he entered the law school of Moscow State University and became a member of the Communist Party. This should define the role and responsibility of the president. [464] Many of his critics attacked him for allowing the MarxistLeninist governments across Eastern Europe to fall,[652] and for allowing a reunited Germany to join NATO, something they deem to be contrary to Russia's national interest. e. first pursued and then abandoned by the Nixon administration. BERLIN (AP) Mikhail Gorbachev, the last leader of the Soviet Union and for many the man who restored democracy to then-communist-ruled European nations, was saluted Wednesday as a rare leader who changed the world and for a time brought hope for peace among the superpowers. [481] McCauley suggested that by at least June 1991 Gorbachev was a "post-Leninist", having "liberated himself" from MarxismLeninism. [401] Soviet troops occupied several Vilnius buildings and attacked protesters,[402] 15 of whom were killed. a. expanded food stamps and school lunch programs. In 197980 Gorbachev joined its supreme policy-making body (the Politburo), and in 1985 he was elected general secretary of the CPSU. b. enlarged government revenue. [323] Further anti-Armenian violence broke out in Baku in January 1990, followed by the Soviet Army killing about 150 Azeris. b. a conservative who campaigned against the Equal Rights Amendment. [638] For his domestic supporters, Gorbachev was seen as a reformer trying to modernise the Soviet Union,[639] and to build a form of democratic socialism. The ceremony included an honor guard, but was not an official state funeral. [334] In May 1987 Gorbachev visited Romania, where he was appalled by the state of the country, later telling the Politburo that there "human dignity has absolutely no value". [231] Following the conference, Gorbachev traveled to Prague to inform other Warsaw Pact leaders of developments. c. The desire of western ranchers for local control of grazing rights on public lands. 55. [80], In March 1961, Gorbachev became First Secretary of the regional Komsomol,[81] in which position he went out of his way to appoint women as city and district leaders. Upon his accession, he was still the youngest member of the Politburo. Geraldine Ferraro is best known as: In the 1980s, the Soviet Union and United States held a number of summits to come to terms with the two country's growing nuclear arsenals. [192] By the 1980s, drunkenness was a major social problem and Andropov had planned a major campaign to limit alcohol consumption. [462] After pro-Yeltsin parties did poorly in the 1993 legislative election, Gorbachev called on him to resign. He was appointed the First Party Secretary of the Stavropol Regional Committee in 1970, overseeing construction of the Great Stavropol Canal. [429] Only the leaders of Kazakhstan and Kirghizia supported Gorbachev's approach. [426] En route home, he traveled to France where he stayed with Mitterrand at the latter's home near Bayonne. How did Phyllis Schlafly and her supporters invoke the principle of freedom in the battle over the ERA? a. a. global stock markets [248] These stoked a number of miners' strikes in 1989. Mikhail Gorbachev a) Other option was Victor Gr-ishin C. Glasnost Promotes Openness 1. 14. "The Gorbachev revolution: The role of the political elite in regime disintegration. significantly increased in number, as they became more vocal. He graduated in 1967 as an agronomist-economist. Gorbachev was named a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1971, and he was appointed a party secretary of agriculture in 1978. What did the Supreme Court rulings San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez and Milliken v. Bradley suggest? [485][487] He spoke out against the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia because it lacked UN backing, as well as the 2003 invasion of Iraq led by the U.S.[485] In June 2004, Gorbachev nevertheless attended Reagan's state funeral,[488] and in 2007 visited New Orleans to see the damage caused by Hurricane Katrina. [440] Yakovlev, Chernyaev and Shevardnadze joined Gorbachev to help him write a resignation speech. d. Carter's approval ratings in 1980 had fallen lower than Nixon's at the time of his resignation. b. restored Americans' confidence in their nation. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Proposition 13? [216] Taubman noted that the disaster marked "a turning point for Gorbachev and the Soviet regime". [284], Gorbachev tried to improve relations with the UK, France, and West Germany;[285] like previous Soviet leaders, he was interested in pulling Western Europe away from U.S. What triggered the rise of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia? significantly increased in number, as they became more vocal. He joined the Komsomol (Young Communist League) in 1946 and drove a combine harvester at a state farm in Stavropol for the next four years. c. They argued it was the "free enterprise system" that truly liberated American women, because home appliances freed them from time-consuming labor. [544] He claimed that "the essence of Lenin" was a desire to develop "the living creative activity of the masses". Reagan's economic policies: Why did the CIA seek to destabilize the government of Chile after 1970? Gorbachev, Tear Down This Wall!: Reagans Berlin Speech, 25th Anniversary of the End of the Soviet Union, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mikhail-Gorbachev, Academy of Achievement - Biography of Mikhail S. Gorbachev, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Mikhail Gorbachev, GlobalSecurity.org - Mikhail S. Gorbachev, Age of the Sage - Transmitting the Wisdoms of the Ages - Biography of Mikhail Gorbachev, RT Russiapedia - Biography of Mikhail Gorbachev, Mikhail Gorbachev - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Mikhail Gorbachev - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Boris Yeltsin; collapse of the Soviet Union. Stalin had initiated a project of mass rural collectivization which, in keeping with his MarxistLeninist ideas, he believed would help convert the country into a socialist society. [600] In April 2011, Gorbachev underwent complex spinal surgery in Germany, at the Munich clinic Schn Klinik Mnchen Harlaching. b. The two reforms most commonly associated with him are glasnost and perestroika. 35. Circle each word that is incorrectly capitalized or lowercased. [74] With an ability to outmanoeuvre rivals, some colleagues resented his success. [456][457] With his wife's assistance, Gorbachev worked on his memoirs, which were published in Russian in 1995 and in English the following year. For other people with the surname, see, Himself as Chairman of the SupremeSoviet, Secretary of the Central Committee of CPSU, Forming the Congress of People's Deputies, Nationality question and the Eastern Bloc, 19901991: Presidency of the Soviet Union, 19992008: Promoting social democracy in Putin's Russia, 20082022: Growing criticism of Putin and foreign policy remarks. [65] His wife had also pursued a second degree, attaining a PhD in sociology in 1967 from the Moscow State Pedagogical University;[66] while in Stavropol she too joined the Communist Party. [294], Gorbachev continued to pursue good relations with China to heal the Sino-Soviet Split. [596] He died after a "severe and prolonged illness," according to the hospital. d. stated that a criminal had the right to a state-appointed lawyer. [131] At the time, he was the Politburo's youngest member. d. By lowering wages. a. upheld the constitutionality of state laws outlawing homosexual acts. In a vain attempt to preserve its power, the Communist Party of Belarus led the rush by declaring independence on August 25, just 72 hours after Gorbachev's return to Moscow. d. included cuts to government programs. d. The impressive military action convinced communist China to approach the United States. c. As demonstrated by diplomatic visits to both China and the Soviet Union, Nixon sought a peaceful coexistence with communist nations. [475] He repeatedly faced anti-Gorbachev protesters, while some pro-Yeltsin local officials tried to hamper his campaign by banning local media from covering it or by refusing him access to venues. c. strengthened the labor movement. While the election was a victory for Gorbachev, it also revealed serious . [118], In November 1978, Gorbachev was appointed a Secretary of the Central Committee. That's what allows me to say that what [Putin] has done is in the interest of the majority. [623], European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen paid tribute to him on Twitter, as did the UK's Prime Minister Boris Johnson, former U.S. secretary of state Condoleezza Rice and Ireland's Taoiseach Michel Martin. [194] The All-Union Voluntary Society for the Struggle for Temperance was formed to promote sobriety; it had over 14million members within three years. e. Their own exposure to drugs, sex, and rock-and-roll made them more likely to be libertarians at heart. [167] He promoted Gromyko to head of state, a largely ceremonial role with little influence, and moved his own ally, Eduard Shevardnadze, to Gromyko's former post in charge of foreign policy. d. was the title of a 1980s documentary about "yuppies" who sold out to the financial establishment. [252] Gorbachev was broadly supportive, describing glasnost as "the crucial, irreplaceable weapon of perestroika". All of the following are evidence that freedom for women expanded in the 1970s EXCEPT: e. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. 11. 1885-1991. [168] Other allies whom he saw promoted were Yakovlev, Anatoly Lukyanov, and Vadim Medvedev. He was also elected as a representative to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. a. could describe the 1980s, a decade where making deals was more profitable for companies than making products. The foundation also tasked itself with monitoring and critiquing life in post-Soviet Russia, presenting alternative development forms to those pursued by Yeltsin. a. the inalienable rights of man are the foundation of freedom. 60. It reflected a compromise: ministers would retain the ability to set output targets but these would not be considered binding. The second was Mikhail Gorbachev, who brought that system down. [91] In September 1969 he was part of a Soviet delegation sent to Czechoslovakia, where he found the Czechoslovak people largely unwelcoming to them. (HAZMAT. [259] Gorbachev also announced that Soviet Jews wishing to migrate to Israel would be allowed to do so, something previously prohibited. What did Gorbachev inherit from Brezhnev. He introduced reforms along liberal lines. [283] When Sakharov died shortly after, Yeltsin became the figurehead of the liberal opposition. In response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, President Carter pursued all of the following policies EXCEPT: In 1990 Gorbachev ran without opposition for president of the Soviet Union. [573], Gorbachev's university friend, Mlyn, described him as "loyal and personally honest". [270] This congress would in turn elect a USSR Supreme Soviet, which would do most of the legislating. [352] Gorbachev struggled to understand Yeltsin's growing popularity, commenting: "he drinks like a fish he's inarticulate, he comes up with the devil knows what, he's like a worn-out record". d. The Supreme Court reversed its position on access to contraception and allowed states to ban condoms. [400], Amid growing dissent in the Baltics, especially Lithuania, in January 1991 Gorbachev demanded that the Lithuanian Supreme Council rescind its pro-independence reforms. Gorbachev biographer William Taubman, 2017[641], Gorbachev's negotiations with the U.S. helped bring an end to the Cold War and reduced the threat of nuclear conflict. [213] Yeltsin then resigned both as Moscow party secretary and as a member of the Politburo. b. inaugurated political openness and economic reform in the Soviet Union. Many problems. [486] He was critical of how the U.S. had expanded NATO right up to Russia's borders despite their initial assurances that they would not do so, citing this as evidence that the U.S. government could not be trusted. [448] He and Raisa initially lived in their dilapidated dacha on Rublevskoe Shosse, and were also allowed to privatize their smaller apartment on Kosygin Street. [574] He was self-confident,[575] polite,[560] and tactful;[560] he had a happy and optimistic temperament. [620] Russian prime minister Mikhail Mishustin called Gorbachev an "outstanding statesman". Glasnost means 'openness' and refers to government transparency and increased freedom of expression. Gorbachev . a. [35] Fellow students recall him working especially hard, often late into the night. Gorbachev himself has stated that he was only made such a promise regarding East Germany and that it was kept. [182], The purpose of reform was to prop up the centrally planned economynot to transition to market socialism. c. Only Carter's defeat in the 1980 election saved him from almost certain impeachment by a heavily Republican Congress. d. teaching and education promote respect for rights and freedoms. [543], Taubman nevertheless thought Gorbachev remained a socialist. The Reykjavk Summit, held on October 11 and 12, 1986, was the second meeting of US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev. [217] Several days after it occurred, he gave a televised report to the nation. During the 1970s, conservatives: [362] On 9 February 1990 in a phone conversation with James Baker, then the US Secretary of State, he set out his position that "a broadening of the NATO zone is not acceptable" to which Baker agreed. b. called for a reduction in all government spending and a balanced budget. Since coming to power in 1999, Putin has been taking a hard line that resulted in a near-complete reversal of Gorbachev's reforms. [642] McCauley thought that in allowing the Soviet Union to move away from MarxismLeninism, Gorbachev gave the Soviet people "something precious, the right to think and manage their lives for themselves", with all the uncertainty and risk that that entailed.[643]. [34] He and other rural students felt at odds with their Muscovite counterparts but he soon came to fit in. [442] Gorbachev was the third out of eight Soviet leaders, after Malenkov and Khrushchev, not to die in office. [303], A second U.S.-Soviet summit occurred in Moscow in MayJune 1988, which Gorbachev expected to be largely symbolic. [247] Economic problems remained: by the late 1980s there were still widespread shortages of basic goods, rising inflation, and declining living standards. [361] His compromise that Germany might retain both NATO and Warsaw Pact memberships did not attract support. [23] In 1946, he joined the Komsomol, the Soviet political youth organization, becoming leader of his local group and then being elected to the Komsomol committee for the district. After the coup foundered in the face of staunch resistance by Russian Pres. [664], In 2002, Gorbachev was awarded the Charles V Prize by the European Academy of Yuste Foundation. Mikhail Gorbachev is remembered in Soviet history as the man that nailed the first nail in the coffin of Soviet Socialism. above it. [244] Many economists proposed reducing ministerial controls on the economy and allowing state-owned enterprises to set their own targets; Ryzhkov and other government figures were skeptical. ", Lane, David. [354] At the same Congress meeting, he presented the idea of repealing Article 6 of the Soviet constitution, which had ratified the Communist Party as the "ruling party" of the Soviet Union. In response, Gorbachev used military force to suppress bloody interethnic strife in several of the Central Asian republics in 198990, while constitutional mechanisms were devised that could provide for the lawful secession of a republic from the U.S.S.R. With the CPSU waning in power and steadily losing prestige in the face of the mounting impetus for democratic political procedures, Gorbachev in 1990 further accelerated the transfer of power from the party to elected governmental institutions. [69] Gorbachev was among those who saw themselves as "genuine Marxists" or "genuine Leninists" in contrast to what they regarded as the perversions of Stalin. Perestroika, the series of political and economic reforms meant to revive the stagnant 1980s economy of the Soviet Union, was developed by Mikhail Gorbachev. b. was the first of its kind to be operational. [491] After the outbreak of the Russo-Georgian War between Russia and South Ossetian separatists on one side and Georgia on the other, Gorbachev spoke out against U.S. support for Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili and for moving to bring the Caucasus into the sphere of its national interest. a. significantly declined in number, as they became less vocal. What did Mikhail Gorbachev do after the fall of the Soviet Union? a. [282] At the Congress, Sakharov spoke repeatedly, exasperating Gorbachev with his calls for greater liberalization and the introduction of private property. In Galeotti's view, Andropov was "the godfather of the Gorbachev revolution", becauseas a former head of the KGBhe was able to put forward the case for reform without having his loyalty to the Soviet cause questioned, an approach that Gorbachev was able to build on and follow through with.

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